Graphene can "endure" ozone for ten minutes

Russian, French, Swedish and Greek scientists have worked together to develop an industrial technology to clean graphene, a new method to make graphene more stable, even in contact with ozone for 10 minutes is also "unharmed." The researchers said that the results of nanotechnology in the field of electronic technology is an important step forward, will vigorously promote the development of the field. 

Graphene is a material that is 100 million times thinner than the hair. It is composed of single-layer carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb structure. It has high conductivity, durability and ductility, and can be used to manufacture a variety of nanoelectronic devices .

In the production process, the polymer coating residue will "contaminate" the graphene, reduces its internal load carrier fluidity. Thermal annealing, plasma de-gelling, and chemical solvents can remove polymer residues, but at the same time impair the purity of graphene. One of the most commonly used methods of purification is the use of ozone, which, while highly reactive, can cause defects in the graphene while destroying the polymer residue, resulting in a weakening of the performance. Now it's not stable, so we are using lifepo4 batteries or other type, it can be used in solar powered portable generator.

In view of this, scientists at the Moscow Institute of Engineering Physics (MEPhI) of the Russian National Nuclear Energy Research Institute have succeeded in obtaining highly stable graphene using high-temperature silicon carbide (SiC) sublimation, which has been exposed to ozone for more than 10 minutes While the normal graphene in the same environment, three to four minutes will be impaired performance.

To further verify the test results, scientists in Greece, France and Sweden, through computer modeling to clarify why the silicon carbide - graphene in the violent oxygen free radicals can still be "unscathed" and more stable: the new graphene Unusual stability is clearly related to the low roughness of the epitaxial graphene on the silicon carbide substrate.

The latest discovery helps to better purify graphene, resulting in high-quality industrial graphene with stable electrical properties.

Application and Development Tendency of Cylindrical Lithium Ion Battery in Electric Vehicle

Regardless of small cylindrical batteries for the number of controversial EV, 18650 lifepo4 batteries due to high energy density and cost-effective, as more and more passenger cars and logistics vehicles, an important choice. 18650 has the advantage of high maturity, high consistency, energy density, cost, flexible arrangement of high; disadvantage is the number of pack high difficulty, quality control points.

The larger single cells can also make the pack look easier by changing the internal design, dramatically increasing life, magnification, etc., but at the same time significantly reducing energy density (size and weight) and reducing assembly space utilization Flexibility, high-energy-density large-size batteries, most of the low degree of automation, process and other adverse cost is high, consistency is poor, and once the failure of the terrible consequences.

At present, the advantages of cylindrical batteries to a large extent due to size standardization, product maturity and cost competitiveness, and standardization must be strong correlation; larger cylinder 26/32, etc. has been unable to become mainstream; ready to come out of the new size 20/21, the market itself is a balance of many factors and 18650 lifepo4 battery pack based on the balance of the existing advantages of choice!

Capacity per 10% increase in capacity, charge and discharge rate reduced by 30-40%; capacity for each 10% increase in capacity per cycle, life cycle, , The temperature rise will increase by about 20%, and a geometric rise; energy density, the higher the risk of greater security.

18650 with 523+ graphite system, according to the new national standard, 1C to 2.4AH has reached the design limit, higher energy density materials (NCA, 811, etc.) itself stability and process control, not imagined so easy. so, not yet easy to use, but more expensive.

Lithium Batteries Categories on the Electric Vehicle Market

Currently market of electric vehicles using lithium batteries are divided into three categories:

LiFePO4 Batteries --- Representative models: BYD E6

Advantages: LiFePO4 battery is a lithium-ion secondary battery, its discharge efficiency is higher, the rate of discharge charge and discharge efficiency can reach 90% or more than low-speed electric vehicles using lead-acid batteries 10% higher, so it’s good be as a power battery, it also can be used in solar powered portable generator.

LiFePO4 battery safety is also very good, can be 390 ℃ within the high temperature stability, to ensure the battery's inherent high security, not due to overcharge, temperature is too high, short circuit, impact and explosion or combustion, can be easily passed acupuncture experiments.

And LiFePO4 battery does not contain any heavy metals, no direct harm to the human body.

LiFePO4 battery has a long service life. LiFePO4 80% of the fast charge, you can safely reach 4000 to 5000 times, 70%, you can also guarantee 7000-8000 times, the theoretical life can reach 7 to 8 years. Now the LiFePO4 battery pack gradually combine with BMS to use in solar power system.

Ternary Lithium Battery - Representative models: Tesla Model S

Disadvantages: Compared to other types of power battery, lithium iron phosphate battery prices higher, and the battery capacity is small, the same battery capacity, lithium iron phosphate battery is heavier and heavier, seriously affecting the life of electric vehicles . In addition, the lithium iron phosphate battery is basically can not be recycled after recycling, there is no recyclable value.

Advantages: ternary lithium battery is a cathode material using lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary cathode material lithium battery, energy density, volume ratio of energy is high, and the price is relatively low.

Disadvantages: and can not pass acupuncture experiments, indicating that the ternary battery in the internal short circuit, battery case damage, it is easy to lead to combustion, explosion and other safety incidents. In addition, due to the nature of the material itself, resulting in ternary lithium battery life is relatively short, at the same time, due to global global nickel and cobalt resources, a large number of applications may lead to market prices, will increase the future car costs.

Lithium Manganese Oxide Battery - Representative models: Kai Chen Breeze

Advantages: Lithium manganese oxide battery has good safety performance, and tap density, the same volume under the battery can hold more material, with higher power consumption. Due to the high manganese reserves and abundant resources, the cost of manufacturing lithium manganese oxide batteries is also low, which can reduce the cost of car buyers.

Disadvantages: As the nature of manganese itself is not stable, easy to produce gas decomposition, and therefore more mixed with other materials used to reduce the cost of batteries, but its cycle life decay faster. At the same time, instability also makes the battery itself prone to bulging. In addition, compared with other lithium-ion materials such as lifepo4 batteries, lithium manganese oxide high temperature performance is poor, the relative life will be affected.

Sony in 1992, developed the first lithium-ion battery. It is practical, so that people's mobile phones, laptops and other portable electronic equipment weight and size greatly reduced. The use of time greatly extended. Because lithium-ion batteries do not contain heavy metal chromium, compared with nickel-chromium batteries, greatly reducing the environmental pollution.

Argentina 400MW solar project will be held in November the second round of bidding

The Argentinean government announced that its first round of renewable energy project auction capacity of 1.1GW, of which 400MW for solar power generator projects. The second round ( "Round1.5") tender will be held in November, of which 200MW for the PV project.

In the first round, wind energy and solar energy accounted for 90 percent of the bid, with an estimated investment of US $ 1.8 billion and an average auction price of approximately US $ 59.6 / MWh. Photovoltaic average price of about $ 59.75. Salta project which is 58.98 US dollars, in Jujuy three projects for 60 dollars.

One project in Jujuy includes three 100-megawatt PV plants. The project partners are China Power Group, Shanghai Electric and Talesun, with an estimated investment of US $ 340 million.

A government also announced that items submitted for the first round of bidding could also participate in the second round of auctions to be held in November. There will be 200 megawatts of solar energy in the round.

The government's request for site selection is that 100 megawatts must be located in the northeastern region. The deadline for acceptance of tender documents is November 25, opening day for the month 25.

The target for renewable energy in Argentina is 20 percent for 2017, up from 8 percent by 2025. 

Canadian solar airship will ascend in Africa

Solar Ship, a Canadian solar company, and Manaf Freighters, an African air cargo services company, have set up a joint venture to deploy their new solar-powered hybrid airships to provide critical goods, such as food, clothing, medical supplies and basic necessities, to remote areas.

The new type of solar airship combines the structure of airplanes and airships with helium-filled pterosomes to enable rapid take-off and landing in open areas such as soccer fields, enabling them to provide supplies in remote areas. 

As part of a joint venture with Solar Ship, Manaf Freighters in Burundi, Kenya and the Democratic Republic of the Congo have agreed to purchase four solar-powered airships, including two short-haul aircraft, Caracal and two Wolverine aircraft, for use in remote areas of East and Central Africa of goods transport and relief. Two Wolverine aircraft can carry a 20-foot container with a minimum payload of 5 tons.

Solar Ship said its Manaf joint venture, Peace & Freedom Services, links people in the Great Lakes region of Africa to global logistics to provide critical goods, including food, clothing, medical supplies and basic necessities.

Until now, Manaf relied on ordinary airplanes to supply critical supplies to Central and East Africa, reaching areas not reachable by other means of transport such as trucks, trains or boats.

Solar Ship plans to deploy with Manaf next year. 

First Solar Successful Operation of 52.5MW Photovoltaic Project in Jordan

October 10, 2016, FirstSolar announced that the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan 52.5 MW Shams Ma'an solar photovoltaic projects have been put into production.

The ownership of this PV plant is owned by the Investor Alliance, including Diamond Generating Europe, Nebras Power and Kawar Group. First Solar made a significant contribution to the development of the project before divesting its stake and being appointed as an engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contractor.

The single-axis tracker is equipped with 600,000 thin-film PV modules

This photovoltaic power station accounts for about 1% of Jordan's total power generation, the use of more than 60 million thin-film photovoltaic modules, crystalline silicon than conventional power generation capacity by 5%. The installation of PV modules on single-axis trackers allows solar power generation at power stations to increase by 20%. 

Signed a 20-year PPA with NEPCO

The Shams Ma'an Power Station and the National Electricity Company (NEPCO) signed a 20-year Power Purchase Agreement (PPA). The power system can use lifepo4 batteries with BMS to replace the lead acid batteries.

Kawar Energy Chairman KarimKawar said, First Solar on schedule to provide high-performance solar energy assets, good safety record. There is no doubt that this power plant will fulfill its commitments and lay the foundation for Jordan's energy security strategy.

"The Shams Ma'an project proves that First Solar's high-performance components perform better than Jordan and the Middle East," said Ahmed S. Nada, Vice President and Regional Executive, First Solar Middle East.

Morocco gives priority to developing renewable energy and sustainable resources

As part of its energy utilization strategy, Morocco gives priority to the development of renewable energy and sustainable resources. Morocco has a wealth of solar energy resources, annual power generation 2,600 kilowatts / square meter, and in the core strategic position of the energy center. The power can be stored in solar power batteries, like 48v 100ah lifepo4 battery pack, with BMS to control whole system.

Morocco provides more investment opportunities in the solar thermal and solar energy industry. Including the Morocco solar project: the project plans to build five total power generation by 2000 solar power station. Solar technology and photovoltaic technology will be used for these five power plants. The project is expected in 2020, the proportion of solar power will account for 14% of the total electricity, reducing 3.7 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions per year.

Morocco solar water heater market development project: This project is scheduled to be completed in 2020 installed 170,000 square meters of solar thermal sensors. Solar thermal energy, the average annual power generation is expected in 2020 reached 1190 gigawatts, is expected to reduce 9.2 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions each year.